Wednesday, July 16, 2008

20 Wordies Submitted on 16/07/2008

Dear Friends,

All the submitted appear to be belonging to the old technology/times (2 years back). Hence, it is highly unlikely to be asked again.


ISDN


Abbreviation of integrated services digital network, an international communications standardvideo, and data over digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires. It supports data transfer rates of 64 Kbps (64,000 bits per second).

This mode was very important and widely used for internet access and teleconferencing two years back. However, now-a-days broadband networks has taken over.

Source:- http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/ISDN.html

EPROM

It stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed, e.g., calibration tables or device configuration.
for sending voice,

When larger amounts of static data are to be stored (such as in USB flash drives) a specific type of EEPROM such as flash memory is more economical than traditional EEPROM devices.

Developed by George Perlegos at Intel in 1983.

Source:- Wikipedia

MPEG

Moving Picture Experts Group

Aworking group of ISO charged with the development of video and audio encoding standards

Initiated May of 1988 in Ottawa, Canada

Members from various industries, universities, and research institutions.

Standards- MPEG-1,2,3 & 4 for VCD, DVD and other digital video.

REER

It is the weighted average of a country's currency relative to an index or basket of other major currencies adjusted for the effects of inflation. The weights are determined by comparing the relative trade balances, in terms of one country's currency, with each other country within the index.

This exchange rate is used to determine an individual country's currency value relative to the other major currencies in the index, as adjusted for the effects of inflation. All currencies within the said index are the major currencies being traded today: U.S. dollar, Japanese yen, euro, etc.

This is also the value that an individual consumer will pay for an imported good at the consumer level. This price will include any tariffs and transactions costs associated with importing the good.

Source:- http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reer.asp

CACP (India Year book gives detail information)

The Agricultural Prices Commission was set up in January, 1965 to advise the Government on price policy of major agricultural commodities with a view to evolving a balance and integrated price structure in the perspective of the overall needs of the economy and with due regard to the interests of the producer and the consumer. Since March 1985, the Commission has been known as Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices.

The Commission is composed of a Chairman, a Member Secretary, two official members and three non-official members. The non-official members are representatives of the farming community. They are usually persons with long field experience and active association with the farming community.

Assurance of a remunerative and stable price environment is considered very important for increasing agricultural production and productivity since the market place for agricultural produce tends to be inherently unstable, which often inflict undue losses on the growers, even when they adopt the best available technology package and produce efficiently. Towards this end, minimum support prices (MSP) for major agricultural products are fixed by the government, each year, after taking into account the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).

Source:- http://dacnet.nic.in/cacp/

WBCIS

Weather-Based Crop Insurance Scheme

the state-owned Agriculture Insurance Company (AIC), ICICI Lombard General Insurance and Iffco-Tokio General Insurance.

Provides insurance protection against potential crop losses due to adverse deviations in rainfall, frost, heat, wind speed, relative humidity and various weather factors that have an impact on crop productivity.

The state and central governments will subsidise the premium 50:50

Launched Rabbi-2007.

Reports of poor responce (We should not write this)

GSM

Global System for Mobile communications (originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile)
Most popular standard for mobile phones in the world
Promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 82% of the global mobile market
Makes international roaming very common
In 1982, the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) created the Groupe Spécial Mobile (GSM)

PDM

Kindly visit Wikipedia and search for PDM; there are some 15 PDMs!

IDC

As like PDM, here also there are too many things with this abbrevation.

POP

In computing, local e-mail clients use the Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3), an application-layer Internet standard protocol, to retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection. Virtually all email communication is done through POP3 protocol. POP4 is in the pipeline.

MCR

I was unable to get good information on this. This possibly stands for Magnetic Character/card Reader.

END

Kindly suggest me on the style of providing information. Would you like to know details on such entries or otherwise pointwise information would be better for you?

Wish you the best luck!

BBC Daily News Update

Hi Friends,

BBC have a daily newsletter service which sends daily email of world news. I am a subscriber to this service for last one year. This is something very useful for General Studies. Sometimes, it becomes necessary to know an outsider's version of the story, isn't it?

Please visit for one such story:-
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7505252.stm

To subscribe this is the link:-
http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/email/news

If you following daily emails is tough or time consuming, I can upload potentially useful news items here on Knowledgehopper.

Wish you a great day!

Wednesday, July 9, 2008

Crude Oil and Inflation



Kindly refer to the attached graph; it beautifully explains the relationship between the two phenomena. (The peaks of both graph coincide!)

Thus, it seems that controlling the inflation is out of our Government or any government's capacity.

What is Peak Oil?


Peak oil is the point in time when the maximum rate of global petroleum extraction is reached, after which the rate of production enters terminal decline. As the demand remains the same, the net result is a Crisis.

Is it that the ongoing fuel price rise is associated with this concept?

Try to answer the following question thrice as directed-

(In 250words) 1. Explain the phenomenal rise in crude oil prices. Suggest remedial measures.
(In 150words) 1. Explain the phenomenal rise in crude oil prices. Suggest remedial measures.
(In 20words) 1. Explain the reasons behind phenomenal rise in crude oil prices.

Write in 20 words?

How do UPSC expects us to describe a thing in 20 flat words when one can write a whole essay on it and still fells short?

The answer is fairly simple- when any one is able to describe a complex term concisely in simple language, we can confidently ascertain that he/she knows that term in depth. It also test that person's command on language.

However, we usually cannot describe simple terms that we use daily. Lets try this- explain what is a computer or what is government or what is Monsoon.

Computer

"A computer is an Electronic device capable of doing calculations at great speed." (This is "rock-bottom" definition of a computer!) Now lets make it short and better- "Electronic device does lengthy, complex calculations very fast, stores-retrieves data; application- from letter writing to missile controls!" (19 words)

It appears that if we are really aware of the topic asked we can actually write in 20 words; otherwise we fumble and move like this-

"A computer is a device; can do variety of task like internet, sending messages, watching pictures, movies; education etc. It has a CPU, Monitor, keyboard, mouse etc." (26words; so friends this answer describe what we do with computer and how a DESKTOP computer look like. Which is better answer?)

Finally, the key to get marks in '20wordies' is to

> be short and concise,
> write point-wise,
> write the CORE
> being strictly within the limit,
> give what is asked and not the unrelated stuff.

Happy time with 20wordies! Waiting for your queries...

Countercurrents

Dear friends,

I have come across a very good website which according to me, is especially useful to us.

http://www.countercurrents.org/

Many freelance as well as professional thinkers and writers contribute articles here, on diverse topics related to the subject of General Studies.

However, we have to be a bit selective as time is always an important criterion. Moreover, the articles here project a view against the governments and their policies and other viewpoints in currency. Hence, we have to be careful in assimilating the content.

Wishing you all the best!